First Year 中文 Textbook
Lesson 1
- 學生 - xué shēng
- 老師 - lǎo shī (See also 教師 jiào shī ‘teacher’ in L19)
- 你 - nǐ
- 是 - shì
- 美國 [美国] - Měi guó
- 人 - rén
- 嗎 - ma
- 我 - wǒ
- 不 - bù
- 中國 [中国] - Zhōng guó
- 這 [这] - zhè
- 那 - nà
- 書 - shū
- 报纸 JH preferred simplified - bào zhǐ (newspaper). 报looks like fu from 衣服 yī fu, L26.
- 報紙 traditional - bào zhǐ (newspaper)
Lesson 2
- 有 - yǒu
- 一張紙 - yī zhāng zhǐ (one sheet of paper. ‘zhāng’ is a measure word)
- 兩 - liǎng
- 很大 - hěn dà
- 很小 - hěn xiǎ
- 沒有 - méiyǒu
- 一本書 - yī běn shū (one book. ‘běn’ is a measure word)
- 新 - xīn (new)
- 舊 [旧] - jiù (old)
- 多少 - duō shǎo
- 好 - hǎo
- 一個人 (一 个 人) - yī gè rén. Simplified version of gè.
- 北京 - Běijīng
Lesson 3
- 毛筆 - máo bǐ
- 枝 - zhī (measure word for ‘long, thin, inflexible objects’. see ‘flowers’ below)
- 一枝梅花 - yī zhī méihuā (a spray of plum blossoms — applied for flowers with their stems intact)
- 的 - de
- Pencil - qiān bǐ. 鉛筆 (traditional). 铅笔 (simplified).
- 長 - cháng (long)
- 短 - duǎn (short)
- 你們 - nǐ men
- 黑 - hēi (black)
- 白 - bái (white)
- 乾淨 - gān jing (clean). See also 靜jìng from L26.
- 本子 - běn zi (notebook)
- 對不對 - duì bù duì (is that right?)
- 對 - duì (correct; to, towards — second def is from L21)
- 對不對? 恩, 那就對了! - Duì bù duì? Ēn, nà jiù duì le!
- 朋友 - péng yǒu
- 中文 - Zhōng wén
- 英國 - Yīngguó (England)
- 英文 - Yīng wén (English)
Lesson 4
- 工作- gōng zuò (‘work’ as both a noun and a verb)
- 只 - zhǐ (only)
- 只有你 - zhǐ yǒu nǐ (only you)
- 學習 [学习] - xué xí (to study or learn)
- 看 - kàn (to look at)
- 呢 - ne (question particle)
- 呣 - ḿ (‘What did you say?’; Expressing skepticism in response)
- 也 - yě (also)
- 幾 [几] - jǐ (how many; how few)
- Traditional: 你要幾隻雞 - nǐ yào jǐ zhī jī (How many chickens do you want?)
- Simplified: 你要几只鸡 - nǐ yào jǐ zhī jī (How many chickens do you want?)
- 教 - jiào (to teach)
- 給 [给] - gěi (to give)
- 謝謝 [谢谢] - xiè xiè (thank you)